The Birth of Modern Air Conditioning (1902): Willis Carrier’s Journey

Once Lyle accepted this business proposition, he turned to another employee Buffalo Forge named Willis Carrier.

At the time neither Lyle nor Carrier realized what an adventure they were fixing to go on together.

But energized by the puzzle, Carrier immediately got to work.

green and black industrial machine
Photo by Wendelin Jacober on Pexels.com

His first experiment was a suggestion from Timmis himself.

This experiment involved saturating a loosely woven burlap roller towel with solution of calcium chloride brine. This process did make the air less humid. However, this process also added heat, salt and odor to the air. This wasn’t going to work.

Then one day Carrier had a “lightbulb moment.”

This process relied heavily on the principle of condensation and laid the foundation for the development of climate control.

This process relied heavily on the principle of condensation andlaid the foundation for the development of climate control.

n106_w1150
n106_w1150 by BioDivLibrary is licensed under CC-PDM 1.0

On July 17, 1902, Carrier completed and initialed a set of mechanical drawings

Carrier then sent these drawings to Lyle to be installed at the Sackett & Wilhelms plant.

A year later after Carrier’s air conditioning design was installed at the printing press – on October 21, 1903 – Lyle reported in a letter to his home office that…

The cooling coils which we sold this company have given excellent results during the past summer.

His design with all of its fans, ducts, heaters, perforated steam pipes and temperature controls – had actually worked.

Modern air conditioning was born

So who was this extremely brilliant college graduate?

Willis Haviland Carrier was born November 26, 1876.

He was born at his family’s farm in Angelo, New York.

He graduated from Central High School in Buffalo, New York and earned a four-year scholarship to Cornell University.

After graduating from Cornell with a Master of Engineering degree in 1901, Carrier had joined the Buffalo Forge Company in Buffalo, New York,  as a research engineer.

His first assignment at this job was to design a heating system that could effectively dry lumber and coffee.

Carrier had already finished several designs – including designs for a heating plant, a lumber dry kiln and a coffee dryer.

But then…

The recent college grad completely changed the world…

It All Started with Paper

Walter Timmis was a consulting engineer at a Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing Company oin Brooklyn, New York.

But this publishing company had a problem

Timmis turned to the Manhattan office of the Buffalo Forge Company, a company that designed and manufactured steam engines and pumps.

He explained this problem to J. Irvine Lyle, the head of Buffalo Forge’s sales activities in New York.

His printing paper was soaking up moisture because of the high temperatures and high levels of humidity in the printing press building. As a result, his paper expanded and contracted in size.

green and black industrial machine
Photo by Wendelin Jacober on Pexels.com

At the time, printing was a tedious process that involved running the printing press over a single piece of paper…applying one color of ink to the paper at a time.

By the time four different colors of ink were applied, the colors would be misaligned.

The company was turning out low-quality work.

The company was also wasting its resources and losing production days.

The problem was so bad that several of his most important clients threatened to take their work elsewhere.

Timms needed the Buffalo Forge to figure out how he could control humidity at the printing press.

industrial factory with emissions under blue sky
Photo by Paolo Rossa on Pexels.com

Industrial Revolution

This was the middle of the Industrial Revolution.

Factories were being built by the dozen.

Yet nobody had yet figured out how to use “modern” technology to create a comfortable microclimate indoors. Previous attempts had not been efficient enough or had been too cumbersome for commercial use.

He recognized the importance of being able to control the humidity levels in a manufacturing environment.

He also thought he knew someone who could easily solve this dilemma.

So he accepted the proposal.